The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating critical body functions and general wellbeing. As the "master gland" that controls several other hormone glands in the endocrine system, the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the conductor of the human body's "hormone orchestra."
What does the pituitary gland do?
The pituitary gland has two main lobes that produce and release specific hormones into the bloodstream to control key processes. The front lobe, known as the adenohypophysis, secretes:
- Growth hormone - Stimulates growth of bones and tissues
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone - Triggers thyroid gland hormone production
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone - Triggers hormone production by adrenal cortex
- Prolactin - Stimulates milk production in women
- Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone - Regulates reproduction in both men and women
Meanwhile, the back lobe or
neurohypophysis stores and releases:
- Oxytocin - Stimulates uterine contractions and milk let-down in women
- Antidiuretic hormone - Controls fluid balance and urine concentration
What happens with pituitary gland disorders?
When the pea-sized pituitary gland malfunctions, it can wreak havoc on the body. An underactive pituitary gland may fail to produce enough critical hormones, slowing growth and development, causing infertility, worsening thyroid function, and increasing feelings of fatigue.
On the flip side, an overactive pituitary - with cells churning out too much hormone - can trigger excessive growth like gigantism, halt menstruation in females, induce lactation unconnected to pregnancy and disrupt the adrenal glands.
Cysts, tumors or inflammation can also impact this delicate gland. One of the most common disorders is a
pituitary adenoma, which is an abnormal growth that may press on surrounding nerves and brain structures.
Problems with blood flow or injuries can also affect pituitary health. Pregnancy, childbirth complications and traumatic brain injury are linked to
pituitary apoplexy, which is bleeding into or impaired blood supply of the gland.
How is the pituitary gland tested and treated?
Doctors use blood tests, urine sampling, MRI scans and vision tests to evaluate pituitary function. They may also conduct stimulation exams to analyze specific hormone responses.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, surgery or radiation therapy. Identifying and managing problems early is critical for preserving normal pituitary operations.
The pea-sized pituitary gland wields immense influence through its hormones. Safeguarding the "master gland" is vital for protecting everything from growth, reproduction, mood and metabolism to tissue function, sexual performance, and bone and muscle health. Supporting pituitary health paves the way for overall wellbeing at Restore Wellness Clinic.